Antimony pentoxide

Antimony pentoxide
Identifiers
CAS number 1314-60-9 Y
ChemSpider 14129 Y
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula Sb2O5
Molar mass 323.5 g/mol
Appearance yellow powdery solid
Density 3.78 g/cm3, solid
Melting point

380 °C (decomposes)

Solubility in water very slightly soluble
Solubility insoluble in nitric acid
Hazards
EU classification not listed
NFPA 704
1
 
 
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Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5) is a chemical compound of antimony and oxygen. It always occurs in hydrated form, Sb2O5·nH2O. It contains antimony in the +5 oxidation state.

Contents

Structure

Antimony pentoxide has the same structure as the B form of niobium pentoxide and can be derived from the rutile structure, with antimony coordinated by six oxygens in a distorted octahedral arrangement. The SbO6 octahedra are corner- and edge-sharing.[1]

Sb coordination
edge sharing
corner sharing

Preparation

The hydrated oxide is prepared by hydrolysis of antimony pentachloride; or by acidification of potassium hexahydroxoantimonate(V). It may also be prepared by oxidation of antimony trioxide with nitric acid. [2]

Uses

It finds use as a Flame retardant in ABS and other plastics, a flocculant in the production of titanium dioxide and is sometimes used in the production of glass, paint and adhesives.[3][4]

It is also used as an ion-exchange resin for a number if cations in acidic solution including Na+ (especially for their selective retentions); and as a polymerization and oxidation catalyst.

Reactions

When heated at 700 °C the yellow hydrated pentoxide converts to an anhydrous white solid with a formula Sb2O13 containing both Sb(III) and Sb(V). Heating at 900 °C produces a white insoluble powder of Sb2O4 of both α and β forms. The β form consists of Sb(V) in octahedral interstices and pyramidal Sb(III) O4 units. In these compounds, Sb(V) atom is octahedrally coordinated to six –OH groups.

References

  1. ^ M. Jansen (March 1979). "Die Kristallstruktur von Antimon(V)-oxid". Acta Cryst. B35 (3): 539–542. doi:10.1107/S056774087900409X. 
  2. ^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0070494398
  3. ^ Bartlett, Jeffrey (1997-03-19). "Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide in Flame Retarded ABS". Nyacol Products, Inc. http://www.nyacol.com/whitepapers2.htm. Retrieved 2006-07-28. 
  4. ^ "ANTIMONY PENTOXIDE". chemicalLAND21.com. http://www.chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/inorganic/ANTIMONY%20PENTOXIDE.htm. Retrieved 2006-07-28.